The need for someone with experience to operate the Dadant apiaries arose in 1921, and the following modest announcement appeared in the March issue of the American Bee Journal:1 “G.H. Cale, formerly of the Maryland College of Agriculture, and more recently on the staff of Dr.E. F. Phillips in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, joined the forces of Dadant & Sons on February 1. Mr. Cale will have charge of all work in the Dadant apiaries, now numbering about 800 colonies, and will be on the American Bee Journal staff as Experimental Apiarist.” G. H. tells his own story of how he became interested in beekeeping in “Burr Combs” in the June 1924 issue of the Journal.Realizing the need for education, he put himself through high school and started in college determined to be a chemist. Zoology and entomology were courses related to chemistry and bees and beekeeping were a part of entomology. He found work there caring for the apiary and buildings, and here is how G.H. continued the story: “The beekeeping work carried me back to my younger days. My stepfather kept bees and his brother, F.H. Dewey, of Great Barrington, MA was the inventor of the Dewey foundation fastener, the forerunner of the Byard, Daisy and Woodman. I drew the patent drawings for the Dewey fastener and helped with the bees among the Berkshire hills. “Dr. Burton Gates, my teacher at college, was also inspector of apiaries for Massachusetts.He is a likable chap and we mixed well. By his very enthusiasm he switched me completely from chemistry to bees. For 2 years I was his deputy inspector and thence drifted to beekeeping and zoology in Maryland. “Between times, I had a longing for adventure, and went out to the Catskills in New York State where that good beekeeper,J. B. Merwin, of Prattsville, put in a whole season rubbing off my ‘green’ and replacing it with real experience. With Merwin’s 300 colonies, I received my first real enthusiasm for beekeeping as a large-scale operation.There was so much enjoyment in that first season’s work that I decided I would be a beekeeper thence-forth.” After graduating from the University of Massachusetts, he taught science and beekeeping for a year and a half at Essex Agricultural College. In February on 1917, he left to take a position at the University of Maryland as associate professor of entomology under Dr. Cory. Later in 1918 when the war was on, Dr. E.F. Phillips, head of the Division of Bee Culture of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, needed help. So G.H. joined the staff and, for the next 4 years, he received a liberal education in beekeeping, both in a practical way and in fundamentals.George S. Demuth also was in the office with Dr. Phillips and G.H. gained much from his association with these two giants in beekeeping. On one of his numerous trips around the country, C.P. Dadant, editor of the American Bee Journal, met G.H. and was impressed with his abilities and his knowledge of beekeeping.So, G.H. was invited to come to Hamilton to take charge of the bees and to help with the Journal. His first article appeared in the May 1921 issue of the Journal3 and they continued down through 1965 – more than 300 articles over a period of 44 years. Although he helped with the American Bee Journal from the time he came to Hamilton, his name does not appear on the staff until the October 1928 issue which lists C.P. Dadant as editor, F.C. Pellett and G.H. Cale as associate editors, and M.G. Dadant as business manager. As C.P. Dadant was growing older, G.H. Cale and F.C. Pellett were given full status as editors beginning with the February 1937 issue. G.H. continued as editor until the March 1945 issue when the masthead lists him as managing editor and the rest of the staff as associate editors. This continued until the January 1949 issue when his status was changed to editor. Upon his retirement he was given the status of consulting editor4 which he retained until his death on Dec. 27, 1965. Mastheads alone do not tell the full story of the part that G.H. Cale played in editing and publishing the American Bee Journal.By the time G.H. came to Hamilton, C.P. Dadant had retired from business and, as a means of occupying himself, was directing the editing of the Journal, but was anxious to be relieved of routine tasks. So, it appears that, as early as 1928 when his name first appeared on the Journal’s masthead, G.H. was actually managing editor carrying most of the load of editing and producing the publication.Frank Pellett’s interests were more in things pertaining to nature, especially honey plants, and he spent his summers at his farm near Atlantic, Iowa, where he later established the Honey Plant Test Garden. In the course of managing the Dadant apiaries and also keeping his own bees, G.H. had the opportunity to test out many new ideas, and to herald them to the beekeeping industry throughout the world by writing about them in the American Bee Journal. One important undertaking in which G.H. played a prominent part was the development of disease-resistant bees, an effort that later led to the development of hybrid bees.(G.H.’s son, Dr. G.H. Cale, Jr., also worked for Dadants and is remembered for developing the first two commercial hybrid queen lines, the Starline and Midnite queens.) As early as 1923 and 1924, H.C. Dadant and G. H. were marking cells and looking for strains of bees resistant to American foulbrood. In the December 1925 issue,5 G.H. wrote an article that told of the work of Dr. Bruce Lineburg and John M. Bixler and raised the possibility of breeding resistant strains of bees. At a Tri-state Beekeepers’ Meeting held at Hamilton in 1927, Dr. Lloyd R. Watson demonstrated his technique for artificial insemination of queen bees.6 Later that year,G. H. went to Watson’s home in Alfred, NY, to learn the method. Due to lack of refinements in the technique, these men were unable to maintain stock by this method. By 1932, however, H.C. Dadant and G.H. had gathered in one yard at Hamilton colonies from widely separated sources that had survived wholesale infection of disease. This resulted in the disease resistant project at Atlantic, IA (told in a previous issue in the story about Frank C. Pellett as an ABJ editor.) We have strayed a bit from our story of G. H. Cale as ABJ editor, but we would be remiss were we not to point out that G.H. was a promoter of ideas that led to extensive research efforts, the development of instrumental insemination, and finally to commercial hybrid bees, via his son, Dr. G.H. Cale, Jr. Raising a family of four children through the Depression years was no easy matter and, as honey dropped in price to 5 and 6 cents a pound, we find G.H.’s writings sometimes on the depressed side. Later he wrote that now that honey was selling for 12 cents a pound, everything else costs 2-1/2 times as much. All this gave him a keen sense of the economics of beekeeping and he wrote many articles on the subject. The use of carbolic acid for repelling bees from supers of honey was first mentioned about 1933. After using it in a practical way for two years, he wrote his long-remembered article entitled, “Whisking Off the Honey.”7 Swarm control likewise interested him and he wrote his famous article entitled, “Relocation as a Means of Swarm Control.” In 1945, G.H. published articles by L.F. Childers9 on the use of pollen supplements and feeding sulfathiazole as a cure for American foulbrood, and a review of a bulletin on sulfa treatment by Dr. Leonard Haseman and Childers. G.H. was quick to take up the use of sulfa and during the following two years wrote a number of articles in support of its use. In 1948, G.H. wrote a story of Childers’ sulfa experiments in an article entitled, “His Hunch Saved an Industry.”10 But G.H. will be remembered most for his folksy advice and comments in his page entitled, “All Around the Bee Yard,” that started in the January 1933 issue of the Journal.In that first year, it appeared in every issue but, as G.H. became busier, it appeared intermittently through 1945. By popular demand, the page was resumed in 1949 and continued with fair regularity through 1954, and appeared twice in each of the years 1958, 1962, and 1965. G. H. also contributed to beekeeping literature, writing three chapters in the 1946 and 1949 editions of The Hive and the Honey Bee. These were “First Steps in Beekeeping,” “Management for Honey Production,” and “Removing the Extracted Honey Crop.” In the 1963 edition, he wrote two chapters entitled, “First Considerations in Keeping Bees” and “Management for Honey Production”. In addition, he gave valuable help and advice to Roy A. Grout, editor of the book. Gladstone Hume Cale died Dec. 27, 1965, at the age of 75,12 just a few months after his retirement was announced in the October 1965 issue of the Journal. The following was stated in the final paragraph of his obituary: “Gladstone Hume Cale, Sr., dubbed ‘Glory Hallelujah’ by the late Frank Pellett with whom he was associated for many years, has left his mark on the sands of time of the beekeeping industry. No man has done more to carry out the desires of C.P. Dadant who wrote, ‘I want the American Bee Journal to be the finest publication about bees and beekeeping in the world.’ The beekeeping industry truly has lost an outstanding leader, teacher, and friend.” References Cited 1. Dadant, C.P. 1921. G.H. Cale to Hamilton. Amer. Bee Jour. 61(3):95. 2. Cale, G.H. 1924. Burr Combs. Amer. Bee Jour. 64(6):310. 3. 1921. Stores as Crop Insurance. Amer. Bee Jour. 61(5): 173-175. 4. 1965. See masthead. Amer. Bee Jour. 105(10): 365. 5. Cale, G.H. 1925. Bees show resistance to American Foulbrood. Amer. Bee Jour. 65(12): 563-564. 6. Anonymous. 1927. The Hamilton Meeting. Amer. Bee Jour. 67(9): 480-481. 7. Cale, G.H. 1935. Whisking Off the Honey, Amer. Bee Jour. 75(7): 313-315. 8. 1943. Relocation as a Means of Swarm Control. Amer. Bee Jour. 83(5): 190-191. 9. Childers, L.F. 1945. Pollen Supplements – With a Sidelight on Sulfathiazole. Amer. Bee Jour. 85(3): 83-84. Also see: How to Feed Sulfathiazole to Bees. Amer. Bee Jour. 85(4): 118. 10. Cale, G.H. 1948. His Hunch Saved an Industry. Amer. Bee Jour. 88(11): 534-536. 11. 1933. All Around the Bee Yard. Amer. Bee Jour. 73(1): 24. 12. Grout, Roy A. and M.G. Dadant. 1966. Obituary. Gladstone Hume Cale, Sr.Amer. Bee Jour. 106(2): 46. Also see: G. H. Cale, Sr. Amer. Bee Jour. 105(10): 366-368. G. H. Cale, or “Glory Hallelejah” as he was affectionately known by his many friends, remained active in beekeeping and contributed a huge body of practical wisdom to the American Bee Journal for many years.